This article analyzes the main difference of American semiotics
of Ch. Peirce and European semiology of F. de Saussure. The author considers
that American semiotics includes wider comprehension of sign as compared
with European semiology. Saussure asserts that the nature of the association
between the signifier and signified was arbitrary, i. e., not based on inherent
resemblance. American semiotics considers that may be various ways of classifying
signs according to their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic uses. Pierce
divides signs in relation to their obects into three types: icons, indexes, and
symbols. An icon is defined assign which represents an object mainly by similarity
to that object; and index as sign which represents its object by its existential
relation to the object, and symbol as sign which signifies its object by law or
convention. This difference ascends to the works of Pionsot (Tractatus de Sings,
1632) and of Locke (On Essay Considering Human, 1671). If Poinsot reminds
Peirce then Locke resembles Saussure. The author of this article considers that
American semiotics is characterized by completeness and European semiology
is aspired to strictness and exactness.
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