The present paper examines a traditional mistake made by the first
researchers of Eastern cuneiforms, namely, an incorrect interpretation of the
first letter of Eastern ancient alphabets of Semitic languages. The author points
out to repetition of this error in the encyclopedic, handbook, popular science and
educational literature. Based on research by Soviet linguists T. V. Gamkrelidze
and V. V. Ivanov, the author reconstructs the sense of ancient pictograph. Based
on research of the Russian philologist S. G. Proskurin on the sacredness of medieval
alphabets, the author determines the ancient root meaning «deity», traces
the evolution of this root in the S culture of culture Semitic peoples, merge it
with the concepts of «deity» and «top» and the transition into to the ideologeme
during of the semiosis. As an example of this semiosis the author studies the
etymology of two present Middle-East toponyms which are researched here –
a name of the city Eilat and biblical name of the Red Sea.
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