263) as a source for the information on linguistic diversity
Multilingualism in Hittite Empire, one of the famous Great Kingdoms
of the late bronze age, was essential for the whole of its history since 18 to
12 cc. BC. Luwian was used widely along with Hittite in Hattusa, the capital of
the Empire. Hittite documents attest evidence for the Hittite-Luwian bilingualism
in Hattusa. Akkadian, along with Sumeran, was used as lingua franca all
over Minor Asia region of that time. Usage of Hattian is attested for the early
period of the Hittite Kingdom, and Hurrian was an influential source of borrowings
for Middle Hittite and New Hittite.
«Protocol for the Gatekeeper» (CTH 263) is one of the texts that helps us to
understand the situation of multilingualism in Hattusa. It is clear from the lines
dedicated to social functions of different languages spoken in the Hittite capital.
Kas'jan A. S., Sidel'cev A. V. Hettskij jazyk // Jazyki mira. Reliktovye jazyki Perednej i Central'noj Azii / RAN. Institut jazykoznanija. M.: Academia, 2013. S. 32–41.
Kas'jan A. S., Jakubovich I. S. Anatolijskie jazyki // Jazyki mira. Reliktovye indoevropejskie jazyki Perednej i Central'noj Azii. M. 2013. S. 15-25.
Nemirovskij A. A., Safronov A. V. Kto pogubil Hattusu? // Indoevro-pejskoe
jazykoznanie i klassicheskaja filologija-XIX. SPb., 2015. 699 s.
The TUKUL-institution in Second Millennium Ḫatti. 1988. AoF 15. Р. 269–
305.
CHD – Hans G. Güterbock & Harry A. Hoffner Jr. The Hittite Dictionary
of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1980.
HED – Puhvel J. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. 9 vols. Berlin & New
York: Mouton, 1984.
EDHIL – Kloekhorst A. Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited
Lexicon. Brill, 2008.
Hoffner H., Melchert H. C. A Grammar of the Hittite Language. Winona
Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2008. Vol. 1: A Reference Grammar.
Hout Th. van den. Institutions, Vernaculars, Publics: The Case of Second-
Millennium Anatolia. P. 217–56 // Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures,
edited by S. L. Sanders. Oriental Institute Seminars 2. Chicago: The Oriental
Institute of the University of Chicago, 2006.
Hout Th. van den. A Classified Past: Classification of Knowledge in the Hittite Empire. P. 211–19 // Proceedings of the 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale Held at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, July 18–22, 2005, edited by R. D. Biggs, J. Myers and M. T. Roth. Studies in Ancient
Oriental Civilization 62. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of
Chicago, 2008.
Hout Th. van den. Reflections on the Origins and Development of the Hittite
Tablet Col- lections in Hattuša and Their Consequences for the Rise of Hittite
Literacy.” P. 71–96 // Central-North Anatolia in the Hittite Period: New Perspectives in Light of Recent Research. Acts of the International Conference
Held at the University of Florence (7–9 February 2007), edited by F. Pecchioli
Daddi, G. Torri, and C. Corti. StAs 5. Rome: Herder, 2009.
Hout Th. van den. The ductus of the Alalaḫ VII texts and the origin of Hittite cuneiform // Palaeography and Scribal Practices in Syro-Palestine and Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age: Papers Read at a Symposium in Leiden, 17–18 December 2009 / E. Devecchi (ed.). Leiden, 2012. (PIHANS, vol. 119).
Kassian A. Hattic as a Sino-Caucasian Language // Ugarit-Forschungen.
Internationales Jahrbuch für die Altertumskunde Syrien-Palästinas. Manfried
Dietrich, Oswald Loretz (eds.). Ugarit-Verlag Münster. 2010. Bd. 41.
Kimball S. Hittite Historical Phonology. Innsbruck, 1999.
Klinger, 1996 – Untersuchungen zur Rekonstruktion der hattischen
Kultschicht. StBoT 37. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1996.
Kloekhorst A. Accent in Hittite. A Study in Plene Spelling, Consonant Gradation, Clitics, and Metrics. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014.
Melchert H. C. Studies in Hittite Historical Phonology. Göttingen, 1984.
Melchert H. C. Anatolian Historical Phonology. Amsterdam, 1994.
Miller J. Royal Hittite Instructions and Related Administrative Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013.
Otten, 1953 – Luvische Texte in Umschrift. Institut für Orientforschung.
Veröffentlichung 19. Berlin: Akademie, 1953.
Soysal, 2004 – Hattischer Wortschatz in hethitischer Textüberlieferung.
HdO I/74. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Yakubovich I. Sociolinguistics of the Luvian Language. Leiden; Boston,
2010.
263) as a source for the information on linguistic diversity // Критика и семиотика. 2015. № 2. Pp. 83–98.