Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
ISSN 2307–1753 [16+]
Founder — Institute of Philology, SB RAS
Critique and Semiotics
Digital network scientific journal
for specialists in philology and semiotics
DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737
Roskomnadzor certificate number Эл № ФС 77-84784 
Kritika i Semiotika (Critique and Semiotics)
По-русски
Archive
Submission requirements
Process for Submission and Publication
Editor′s office
Editorial Board and Editorial Council
Our ethical principles
Search:


Email: silantev@post.nsu.ru

Article

Name: Towards the Understanding of the Concepts of «Modernity», «Modernism» and «Avant-garde» in (Post) Soviet and German Study of Literature (An Attempt of Terminological Unification)

Authors: T. S. Simyan

Yerevan State University

Issue 2, 2017Pages 326-359
UDK: 81:13DOI:

Abstract: The article is an attempt to analyze the key concepts of «Modernity », «Modernismus» and «Avant-garde». The presented analysis reveals the ambiguity of perception of these concepts in the (Post-) Soviet literary works. The mentioned problem is discussed on the example of «central» texts (encyclopedia, literary encyclopedia, literary dictionaries, textbooks, and so on) of Soviet and German literary criticism. The stated problem is relevant because of the existence in the Soviet times of the so-called «Iron Curtain» and ideological differences. Western and Soviet literature were on different sides of the barricades, which resulted in terminologically «noise» in the scientific literature of the USSR. In addition, the post-Soviet Russian-language literature has not yet been revised the Soviet-era training manuals, dictionaries and encyclopedias; hence the semantic «noise» of those terms penetrates into the post-Soviet Russian- language scientific literature as well. In the course of the analysis of the theoretical and educational literature, the «sources» of conceptual «noise» (in the semiotic sense) are identified that have influenced and still partly govern as stereotypes the understanding of these concepts in the post-Soviet Russianlanguage literary thought. The analysis of the empirical material has shown that after the medieval epoch New Times or the Moderne era (Moderne), Modernity as «ein unvollendetes Projekt» came, and in Russian two other «functioning» signifiers, namely «модерность» («modernity») и «модерный» («modern»), can be considered as equivalents at this stage. The concept of «modern» in German philosophical, sociological discourses is chronologically divided into two periods: «first modern» (around 1500 to 1960–1980), «second modern» (from the 1990\s to the present). Different understanding of the concept of «modern» is connected with different approaches, traditions, criteria and codes of interpreters. In the Russian-language literary discourse, the problem of the possible unification of the understanding of the terms «modern», «modernism» and «avantgardism » remains open. As far as the empirical material at the level of literary dictionaries, encyclopedias and textbooks on the theory and history of literatures shows that, there is still semantic «noise» between not only the concepts of «modern» and «modernism», but also between «modernism» and «avantgardism ». So far, there has not been any «dialogue» between post-Soviet Russian- speaking and Western literary criticism. It can be clearly seen that the understanding of the signified (content plane), modern, modernism and avantgardism depends also on the criteria by which the temporal extent of modernity, modernism and avant-gardism is shared. If, for example, subjectivism is taken as a criterion or the disclosure of the inner world (lyric, novel) of the hero in the space of literature, then even Dostoevsky and Nietzsche become modernists. Besides, confusion arises from the fact that often in the Russian-language scientific discourse does not specify in which (in a narrow or broad sense) the terms «modern», «modernism», «avant-gardism» are used. Based on the analysis of empirical material, the author of the present article suggests using terms in a narrow sense in order to avoid semantic «noises».

Keywords: Modernity, New Times, Neuzeit, Тemps modernes, Moderne, Klassische Moderne, Modernismus, Avant-garde, Soviet literary criticism, the post-Soviet Russian-language study of literature

Bibliography:

Adorno A. Jesteticheskaja teorija. M.: Respublika, 2001.

Andreev L. G. Vvedenie // Zarubezhnaja literatura XX veka (pod red. L. G. Andreeva). Izdanie vtoroe, ispravlennoe i dopolnennoe. M.: Vysshaja shkola, 2004, s. 4–23.

vBakhmutskij V. Ja. Na rubezhe dvuh vekov // Spor o drevnih i novyh. M.: Iskusstvo, 1985.

Beck U. Risikogesellschaft: auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. 1. Auflage [1986] [Nachdr.]. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2001.

Bek U. Obshhestvo riska: Na puti k drugomu modernu. M.: Progress- Tradicija, 2000.

Belle Epoche. URL: http://www.la-belle-epoque.de/beintrod.htm

Bodler Sh. (Ot redakcii). Cvety zla. M.: Nauka, 1970.

Bodler. Sh. Ob iskusstve. M.: Iskusstvo, 1986.

Bodler. V. Cvety zla. M.: Nauka, 1970.

Borev Ju. Jestetika: Uchebnik. M.: Vysshaja shkola, 2002.

Branskaja E. V., Panfilova M. I. Modern, modernizm, postmodernizm (k opredeleniju ponjatij) // Innovacionnaja nauka, T. 1, N 3, ss. 264–267. URL: http://elibrary.ru/download/77893807.pdf

Buks N. Skandal kak mehanizm kul'tury // Semiotika skandala. Sbornik statej (pod red. Nora Buks). M.: Izdatel'stvo «Evropa», 2008.

Bürger P. Theorie der Avantgarde. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1974.

Delabar, Walter. Klassische Moderne. Deutschsprachige Literatur 1918– 1933. Berlin: Akademie Verlag 2010.

Dempsi Je. Stili, shkoly, napravlenija. Putevoditel' po sovremennomu iskusstvu. M.: Iskusstvo XXI, 2008.

Dolgov V. B. Katolicheskij modernizm: chast' zapadnogo Moderna ili osobaja reakcija na nego? // Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i juridicheskie nauki, kul'turologija i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. Tambov: Gramota, 2012, N 12 (26): v 3-h chastjah. Ch. I. ss. 91–98. URL: http://scjournal.ru/articles/issn_1997-292X_2012_12-1_22.pdf

Eco U. Cinque scritti morali (Fascismo Eterno). Milan: Bompiani, 1997. URL: http://www.punk4free.org/articoli/18-politica/3087-umberto-eco-lur-fascismo-il-fascismo-eterno.html

Eko U. Pjat' jesse na temy jetiki. Sankt-Peterburg: Symposium 2003.

Enzensberger Hans Magnus. Die Aporien der Avantgarde // Merkur, XVI Jahrgang, 5. Heft,1962, Mai, S. 401–424.

Fateeva N. Identichnost' lichnosti avtora i variativnost' form vyrazhenija v tekstah avangarda // Semiotika i Avangard: Antologija (pod obshh. red. Ju. S. Stepanova). M.: Akademicheskij proekt; Kul'tura, 2006, s. 43–53.

Fedorov I. A. Problemy sociokul'turnoj i politicheskoj modernizacii: chelovek, kommunikacija, sreda: materialy VII mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoprakticheskoj konferencii, posvjashhennoj 210-letiju SPbGLTU / sost. i otv. red.: I. A. Fedorov; A. Ja. Donin. SPb.: SPbGLTU, 2013.

Gavrov S. N. Modernizacija Rossii: postimperskij tranzit (Gl. 1. Modernizacija. Chelovek jepohi moderna), University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 2009.

Giddens Je. Posledstvija sovremennosti. M.: Praksis, 2011.

Girin Ju. S. Avangard kak stil' // Hudozhestvennye orientiry zarubezhnoj literatury XX veka. M.: IMLI RAN, 2002.

Golomshtok I. Totalitarnoe iskusstvo. M.: Galart, 1994.

Golovushkin (a) D. A. Religioznyj fundamentalizm / religioznyj modernizm: konceptual'nye protivniki ili ambivalentnye fenomeny? // Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svjato-Tihonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Ser. 1, Bogoslovie. Filosofija. 2015. № 1. S. 87–97. URL: http://elibrary.ru/ download/ 61385476.pdf

Golovushkin (b) D. A. Religioznyj modernizm: granicy primenjaemosti ponjatija // Izvestija Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija: Politologija, Religiovedenie, 2015. T. 13, ss. 210–217. URL: http://elibrary.ru/ download/ 36884591.pdf

Gricanov A. A. Modernizm // Novejshij filosofskij slovar' (gl. nauchnyj redaktor i sostavitel' A. Gricanov). Minsk: Knizhnyj dom, 1999. URL: http:// www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/149350/771/Gricanov_-_Noveiishiii_ filosofskiii_ slovar%27.html

Grinberg K. Avangard i kitch (per. Aleksandr Kalinin) // Partisan Review, VI, N 5, p. 34–49. URL: http://xz.gif.ru/numbers/60/avangard-i-kitch/view_ print

Große W. Erläuterungen zu Thomas Mann Tonio Kröger, Mario und der Zauberer. 2. ergänzte Auflage. Hollfeld: C Bange Verlag, 2003.

Habermas J. Die Moderne – ein unvollendetes Projekt // Die Zeit, 08.09.1980. URL: http://www.zeit.de/1980/39/die-moderne-ein-unvollendetesprojekt Habermas J. Die neue Unübersichtlichkeit. Kleine Politische Schriften. 1. Auflage. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1985.

Habermas Ju. Filosofskij diskurs o moderne. Per. s nem. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Ves' Mir», 2003. 416 s.

Habermas Ju. Politicheskie raboty. M.: Praksis, 2005.

Halizev V. E. Teorija literatury: Uchebnik. M.: Vysshaja shkola, 2005.

Hristianstvo: slovar' (pod. obshh. red. L. N. Mitrohina). M.: Respublika.

Kajt G. Pojeticheskie jeksperimenty nemeckogo i russkogo avangarda // Baltijskij filologicheskij kur'er, 2004, N 4, s. 102–111. URL: https://journals. kantiana.ru/upload/iblock/102/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82_102-111.pdf

Khrestomatiya po teorii literatury / Sost. L. N. Os'makova. M.: Prosveshchenie, 1982.

Korotchenko E. P. Avangardizm // Postmodernizm. Entsiklopediya. Minsk: Interpresservis; Knizhnyi Dom. 2001, s. 12–14.

Kratkaja literaturnaja jenciklopedija (KLJe) (gl. red. A. A. Surkov). Tom 4. M.: Sovetskaja jenciklopedija, 1967.

Kulikova I. Filosofija i iskusstvo modernizma. 2-e izd., dop., M.: Politizdat, 1980.

Kundera M. Iskusstvo romana. Sankt-Peterburg: Azbuka 2013.

Lifshic Mih. Iskusstvo i sovremennyj mir. Izdanie 2-oe, dopolnennoe. M.: Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo, 1978.

Literaturnyj jenciklopedicheskij slovar' (pod red. V. M. Kozhevnikova, P. A. Nikolaeva). M.: Sovetskaja jenciklopedija, 1987.

Literaturnyj process v Rossii ot jepohi moderna k jepohe avangarda: Novye materialy. Issledovanija pojetiki (pod red. N.A. Gus'kova). SPb.: Filologicheskij fakul'tet SPbGU, 2013.

Malahov N. O modernizme. M.: Izobrazitel'noe iskusstvo, 1975.

Metzler Lexikon Literatur- und Kulturtheorie: Ansätze-Personen-Grundbegriffe (Hrsg. von A. Nünnig). 4. aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Stuttgart: Metzler, 2008.

Mozhnjagun S. O modernizme, M.: Iskusstvo, 1970.

Nazyvat' veshhi svoimi imenami: programmnye vystuplenija masterov zapadno-evropejskoj literatury XX veka. M.: Progress, 1986.

Neklessa A. Konec jepohi Bol'shogo Moderna // Znamja, 2000, N 1. URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/znamia/2000/1/nekles-pr.html

Novikova N. K. Ispanoyazychnyi avan¬gard. Kreas'onizm i ul'traizm // Zarubezhnaya literatura XX veka. V 2 t. T. 1. Pervaya polovina XX veka: uchebnik dlya akademicheskogo bakalavriata / V. M. Tolmachev, I. V. Kabanova, D. A. Ivanov [i dr.] ; pod red. V. M. Tolmacheva. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Izdatel'stvo Yurait, 2017, s. 110–116.

Ortega-i-Gasset H. Vosstanija mass. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2003.

Pavlova N. S. Jekspressionizm // Zarubezhnaja literatura XX veka (pod red. L. G. Andreeva). Izdanie vtoroe, ispravlennoe i dopolnennoe. M.: Vysshaja shkola, 2004, s. 182–194.

Peukert, Detlev. J. K. Die Weimarer Republik. Krisenjahre der Klassischen Moderne. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag 1987.

Po Je. All. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij. M.: Nauka, 1970.

Pojetika: slovar' aktual'nyh terminov i ponjatij (gl. red. N. D. Tamarchenko). M.: Izdatel'stvo Kulaginoj; Intrada, 2008.

Poseljanin N. Ispytanie modernost'ju // NLO, 2016, 4 (140). URL: http:// magazines.russ.ru/nlo/2016/4/ispytanie-modernostyu.html

Religiovedenie: ucheb. posobie i ucheb. slovar'-minimum po religiovedeniju (Pod red. I. N. Jablokova). M: Gardariki, 2002.

Rembo А. Stikhi. M.: Nauka, 1982.

Richter H. Geschichte der Malerei im 20. Jahrhundert. 7. ergänzte Auflage. Köln: DuMont Buchverlag, 1988 [1974].

Rimbaud, Oeuvres. M.: Radouga, 1988.

Rosenkran Karl. Ästhetik der Häßlichen. Leibzig: Reclam Verlag 1996.

Rudnev V. Slovar' kul'tury XX veka. Kljuchevye ponjatija i teksty. M.: Agraf, 1997.

Schweikle I. Modernismo. In: Metzler-Literatur-Lexikon: Begriffe und Definitionen (Hrsg. von Günther und Irmgard Schweikle). 2. Überarbeitete Auflage, Stuttgart: Metzler 1990.

Simjan (b) T. S. Dadaizm v Germanii: logika, semiotika, strategija // Kritika i semiotika, 2015, N 2. s. 384–398. URL: http://philology.nsc.ru/journals/ kis/pdf/CS_2015_2/28.pdf

Simjan T. (a) Smena paradigmy: oppozicija «vneshnjaja» i «vnutrennjaja» literatura, ili «distancirovannaja» kritika nacizma (na primere romana Liona Fejhtvangera «Lzhe-Neron») // Sibirskij filologicheskij zhurnal, 2015, N 2, S. 256–266.

Simjan T. K probleme manifesta kak zhanra: genezis, ponimanie, funkcija // Kritika i semiotika, 2013, N 2(19), s. 130–148. URL: http://www.nsu.ru/ education/virtual/cs019simyan.pdf

Simjan T. Logika i semiotika pravlenija totalitarnyh rezhimov (opyt analiza sovetskogo i nacistskogo rezhimov) // Totalitarism and Literary Discourse. 20th century experience. Tbilisi, Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature, 2010, pp. 467–473.

Simyan T. Towards a typology of the nazi and soviet totalitarian regimes // Totalitarism and Literary Discourse. 20th Century Experience (Ed. by Irma Ratiani). Cambrige Scolar Publishing, 2011, pp. 478–490.

Sirotkin N. Nemeckojazychnyj avangard // Semiotika i Avangard: Antologija (pod obshh. red. Ju.S. Stepanova). M.: Akademicheskij proekt; Kul'tura, 2006, s. 820–824.

Slovar' literaturovedcheskih terminov (SLT), redaktory-sostaviteli L. I. Timofeev, S. V. Turaev). M.: Prosveshhenie, 1974.

Sovremennaja literaturnaja teorija. Antologija (Sost. I. V. Kabanova). M.: Flinta, Nauka, 2004.

Sovremennoe zarubezhnoe literaturovedenie (strany Zapadnoj Evropy i SShA): koncepcii, shkoly, terminy. Jenciklopedicheskij spravochnik. M.: Intrada-INION, 1999.

Spor o drevnih i novyh. M.: Iskusstvo, 1985.

Teorija literatury. Tom IV. Literaturnyj process (gl. red. Ju. Borev). M.: IMLI RAN, Nasledie, 2001.

Toffler Je. Tret'ja volna. M.: OOO «Izdatel'stvo AST», 2004.

Tolmachev V. M. T. S. Eliot // Vestnik PSTGU III: Filologija, 2011. Vyp. 1 (23), s. 7–64. URL: http://pstgu.ru/download/1316536121.7-64.pdf

Ushakova O. M. Modernizm: o granicah ponjatija / Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Rossijskaja i zarubezhnaja filologija, 2010. Vyp. 6 (12), ss. 109– 114. URL: http://www.rfp.psu.ru/archive/6.2010/ushakova.pdf

Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedenija. M.: Progress, 1990.

Zatonskij D. V. Chto takoe modernizm? // Kontekst-1974. M.: Nauka, s. 135–167.

Zatonskij D. V. Modernizm i postmodernizm: Mysli ob izvechnom kolovrashhenii izjashhnyh i neizjashhnyh iskusstv. Har'kov: Folio; M.: Izdatel'stvo AST, 2000.

Zhirmunskij V. M. Sravnitel'noe literaturovedenie. Vostok i Zapad. Leningrad: Nauka, 1979.

Zima Peter V. Moderne / Postmoderne. Gesellschaft, Philosophie, Literatur. 3. Auflage. Tübingen: A. Francke Verlag Tübingen, 2014.

Institute of Philology
Nikolaeva st., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
+7-383-330-15-18, ifl@philology.nsc.ru
© Institute of Philology