Article

Name: A Group of Object Placement Verbs in the Altai and Khakass Languages: Semantic Features

Authors: Elena V. Tyuntesheva, Olga Yu. Shagdurova

Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

Abstract:

The group of object placement verbs in the Altai and Khakass languages, the peculiarities of their semantics are considered. Placement verbs have their own characteristics compared to the group of verbs of displacement, in which they are usually considered. The directive-start position has not been implemented due to its close proximity to the subject. The subject in verbs of the physical placement of an object is a person, less often an animal. In the secondary meanings of some verbs, the subject may be luminaries, higher forces, and natural elements. Verbs are systematized based on the components incorporated into their structure. The main verb of object placement in the languages under consideration – sal – ‘to put, to put’ – has the widest semantics, contains common semantic components for the lexemes of this group. Depending on the additional specifying components incorporated into the semantics of verbs, the analyzed units are divided into subgroups: verbs with the component “placement point”, “method”, “object”, “purpose of placement”, “tool” and verbs with more than one component.

The studied lexemes carry linguistic and cultural information. A number of verbs relate to the traditional way of life of the Altaians and Khakass, associated with placement on a horse, with horse harness, which is explained by the important role of this mount in the traditional economy of these ethnolanguage collectives.

A lot of lexical correspondences between the Altai and Khakass languages are revealed. In some cases, they differ in semantics and/or verb control. There are also specific verbs specific to one of the languages.

Keywords: Turkic languages of Southern Siberia, Khakass languages, verbs, lexical-semantic correlations, object placement verbs, lexical semantics, polysemy

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