Article

Name: Multilingualism in Hittite Empire. Protocol for the Gatekeeper (CTH 263) as a source for the information on linguistic diversity

Authors: M. A. Molina

Institute of Linguistics of the RAS

Abstract: Multilingualism in Hittite Empire, one of the famous Great Kingdoms of the late bronze age, was essential for the whole of its history since 18 to 12 cc. BC. Luwian was used widely along with Hittite in Hattusa, the capital of the Empire. Hittite documents attest evidence for the Hittite-Luwian bilingualism in Hattusa. Akkadian, along with Sumeran, was used as lingua franca all over Minor Asia region of that time. Usage of Hattian is attested for the early period of the Hittite Kingdom, and Hurrian was an influential source of borrowings for Middle Hittite and New Hittite. «Protocol for the Gatekeeper» (CTH 263) is one of the texts that helps us to understand the situation of multilingualism in Hattusa. It is clear from the lines dedicated to social functions of different languages spoken in the Hittite capital.

Keywords: Hittite, multilingualism, social functions of a language, sociolinguistics

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