Article

Name: Written Texts in Unwritten Languages as a Sociolinguistic Phenome- non (On the Material of the Chalkan and Alyutor Languages)

Authors: T. A. Golovaneva, N. N. Fedina

Institute of Philology SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)

Abstract:

The Chalkan and Alyutor languages are not related, however their current conditions are simlar, meaning that they exist in comparable sociolin- guistic environments of uneven bi- and triligualism. The writing systems of the- se unwritten languages are still being developed, which is being further compli- cated by the influence of the writing norms of the dominant languages. The handwritten and published materials in Chalkan and Alyutor demonstrate the variety in graphic forms of national texts. The choice of graphemes for the spe- cific sounds of national speech is also a major issue. For the Alyutor writing system, the graphic representations of the super-short vowel [ә], the fricative [ɣ], the glottal stop [ʔ] and the epiglottal stop [ʕ] have not yet been developed. In the following article, we present the analysis of three versions of Alyutor writing systems developed by native Alyutor speakers M. I. Popov, M. V. Nu- tayulgin, A. A. Sorokin. The problem of graphic variety of the written form of the Chalkan languages stems from the following two reasons: the absence of graphemes for specific Chalkan sounds ғ [ɣі], җ [ʒ”], қ [q], њ [n’] and the in- fluence of the Standard Altai orthographic norms.

When handwritten texts in unwritten languages are being prepared for publi- cation, it is perhaps necessary to present the texts in two forms: the author’s version (preserving its individual traits) and the linguistic version, including the phonetic, morphological, and historical trends typical for this language. In our article, we offer an experimental sample of a national handwritten text in two comparable versions.

Keywords: Turkic languages, Chalkan language, Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages, Alyutor language, unwritten language, minor languages, disappearing languages, revitalization of languages, linguistic behavior, writing system

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